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Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Laws and Codes in Hebrew and Mesopotamia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laws and Codes in Hebrew and Mesopotamia - Essay ExampleThey had followed these laws for numerous years to dictate their way of life including marriage, children, worship, and family values among others. It is through these doctrines that the understanding to their concerns and values is derived1. Concerns of Hebrews and Mesopotamians The Hebrews and Mesopotamians concerns and apprehensions are ground on their law codes from ancient times. In this respect, these cultures believed that disobeying the laws of the captain would result to punishment. According to the First Book of Moses, called Genesis2it is scripted that from the start Adam and Eve were punished by God for eating fruit from the forbidden tree. This clarifies that noncompliance of Gods laws and commands has serious repercussions to the society. Further, the hold cites that the Hebrews and Mesopotamians were pass judgment to live a life without sin. Sins and wickedness caused the slew to lose favor with God just as it is written slightly the time of Noah. The throng in the era of Noah sinned greatly against God and he had to destroy the entire world. Noah and his family together with the animals in the world were save because he was the only psyche devoid of sin3. Gods curse was a concern for the Hebrews because it meant that the individual would have to die. The laws and codes of the Hebrews declared that God would place a curse against people who wronged prophets ordained by God. They were expected to listen to the words of Gods messengers else, they had to suffer the curse. For instance, the First Book of Moses, called Genesis speaks of king Pharaoh who steal the wife of Abraham and God sent a curse inform of plague into his household. The Hebrews and Mesopotamians were also concerned about the worship ofidol gods. God had forbidden the worship of idols and required all the people to worship him alone. In the said(prenominal) manner, they had to deter from mentioning the name of God in vain since it is a way of ignorance of his words. This requires people to worship the Lord but non joke in his name for punishment would be placed upon them. These ancient communities were not expected to kill, steal, or commit acts of adultery within the society. Such grave sins were punishable through decease and Gods anger would be upon those that disobeyed his commands. In addition, the Hebrew and Mesopotamian people were expected to respect each other and not steal each other house or wives. It was clear that any person that hit or disrespected the parents were to be put to death without any forbearance4. The Values of ancient Hebrews and Mesopotamians The ancient Hebrews and Mesopotamians were people who worshipped God without ceasing. They did the worship through prayers, tithing, and thanksgiving festivals, which were conducted as often as possible. Through the book of Genesis, the Hebrews and Mesopotamians worked the entire week but on the seventh day, it was a day to rest and focused on worshipping the Lord. They cleansed their bodies by washing their clothes and further, entered the temple to worship God. The altar was placed in the Gods temple as a place where they gave their offerings and sacrifices to the Almighty God. Through these offerings, the people received God mercy and blessing in their lives. For instance, the Book of Genesis speaks of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob who offered sacrifices, worshipped God, and in return received abundant blessings for them and their descendants5. The Hebrews and Mesopotamians set up a covenant with God to remain true to his will. In this respect, they believed God as the sole provider, protector, and bestower of life whom they depended entirely. A covenant was made between God and Israelites to circumcise their male children eight age after birth. This was to show that they belonged to God

Monday, April 29, 2019

Labor Unions and Their Impact on the Economy Essay

Labor Unions and Their Impact on the Economy - Essay ExampleThe suppose employees are not happy with the proposal of the governor that they would have to make a contribution of 5.8 % of their wages towards schemes of pension along with the payment of 12.6 % of their insurance premiums for health.In this section of the research paper, various arguments in support of the married couples protest will be presented. 2.1 Wisconsin Governor is Against the Workers Rights- Protest in MadisonOn February 15, 2011, the mankind employees, community supporters and union activists in a number of more than 15,000 jammed at the Capitol Square in Madison for protesting the governors plan to band the rights of the workers and demolish jobs of the middle-class community of the society. The governor denied make any changes in his plans and has mentioned that if the bill is not passed by the state legislature, he would compel massive layoffs along with hampering of state services and thus would cost several jobs.According to a highway worker and member of AFSCME, the eruption on the workers rights is a part of the budget plan of the governor. The move of the governor has been present as a way of political business that is interested in taking the rights away from the people. The appealingness of a few protestors is such that they are in complete support to the governors activities for equilibrize the budget but not at the sake of the workers rights, as evident from the views of a retired Communications Workers of America member. The protestors mentioned that the governor was imparting the bad effects of a budget bill by setting up such a policy that would take away the general rights of the people (American conspiracy of State, County and Municipal Employees,

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Development of Scratch Radio to the Station Manager Essay

Development of Scratch wireless to the Station Manager - Essay ExampleThe main objective of the teaching is to recognize and determine reliable involvement in Radio Listening amongst BCU undergraduate scholars in the City North campus. It is mainly because thither ar various competitors for the Scratch Radio as well as it is also very very much necessary to place the thoughts of BCU undergraduate students towards Scratch Radio and its selected competitors. The study includes the questioners analysis which will help to identify the current involvement and future development of Scratch Radio. Thirst for knowledge is the fundamental human condition. inquiry methodology is the systematic process of exploring knowledge. The look for can be conducted in many ways. The methodology of the research is decided in relation to the nature of the study and the type of sample and the data collection. In this study the researcher tries to explore the information about the current involvement in Radio Listening amid BCU undergraduate students and also to evaluate the attitudes of BCU undergraduate students towards Scratch Radio. Methodology is the pathway or an approach to thwart the needed information by locating the data from different sources which are primary & secondary. In this research paper, the data gathering was done using various research instruments. The research instruments have helped to obtain on out the interview process and data gathering more easily. The study will be a pilot stick with, to test the questionnaire and the opinion methods and to generate some exploratory data which may be expedient to decision makers of marketing division. Sample size taken to conduct the survey is 20. All the students that took part in the survey are students of BCU undergraduate course in the City North campus. And also this sample survey includes male and female students of each study year. Personal interviews are carried out to collect most satisfying informa tion from the fundament audience. The sample size selected was quite enough and useful for this research. The survey was conducted in the said(prenominal) method, but the people interviewed were different. The tools used in this research are really working and useful to carry out a detail study. Questionnaires are one of the ways used to collect information from the target customers to acquire the relevant information. The questionnaires are well planned. Both open ended and closed ended questionnaires are used to collect information. Open ended questionnaires are carried out to acquire the information in the take style. Closed ended questionnaires are used to acquire the information in the single words such(prenominal) as the questionnaires comprises of the YES or NO type questions. A Questionnaire can be quite inexpensive to administer. season is also an important resource that questionnaires can maximize (Stasko & OBrien n.d.). 4) Summary of the Key Findings This pilot survey we have conducted has helped to find out the opinions and recommendations of the student listeners of Scratch radio of BCU. The sample size of

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4DB) Essay

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4DB) - probe Example1). He simply does not take peoples feelings into account over his own. His self-regulation skills ar strong, which includes, the mogul to control or redirect disruptive impulses and moods and the propensity to suspend judgment and to think in front acting (Goleman, 1998, pg. 1). His patience in this area is key. Another strong area of his is motivation, which is, a passion to realize for reasons that go beyond money and status (Goleman, 1998, pg. 1). He has always been persistent in pursuing his goals. Unfortunately, he is derelict in the area of empathy, which is, the ability to understand the EMOTIONAL makeup of other people. I conceptualize that he oftentimes leaves employees out of important decision-making processes. Finally, his social skills, which are proficiency in managing relationships and building networks and an ability to find common ground and build rapport (Goleman, 1998, pg. 1), could use help as good. Again, it ties into having a weak bond with employees as individuals.The areas of emotional intelligence that directly involve the feelings and opinions of others should be addressed first in order to turn this situation around. Most likely, the employees in this scenario do not feel as if they proposition real much to the company. First, it is imperative that I learn to recognize the feelings and emotions of the employees as individuals. It is also important that I learn to understand the emotional makeup of other people. Social skills will also be very important so that healthy relationships can be built within the workplace.There are several(prenominal) things that organizations can do in order to help develop the emotional intelligence of their managers as well as their other employees. The first step is making sure that the management team and employees have the skills inevitable to

Friday, April 26, 2019

Systems and Cultural Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Systems and Cultural Investigation - Essay object lessonThis paper seeks to analyze the cultural systems that exist in healthc ar organizationsThe term system is a raft of interrelated, inter inciteing or inter parasitic elements that may be used to work together in a authentic work environment to perform a particular task that is required by the systems aim. Systems can be improved all the time hardly before it is improved superstar must consider cognise how its products are created, the reasons why they are created and how they can be improved. Many systems work under some deposit of principles so as to help us understand how they behave, for example, the whole system may have one or more of the defining functions. Each part of the system can affect the characters and behaviors of the whole system. Also, it is regularly important to note that behaviors and properties of just one part of the system can be very dependent on the behavior of the early(a) parts of the system. Each part of the system may necessarily but may be insufficient to operate alone so as to carry out richly the defining role of the whole system.Healthcare system is often very cumbersome and opaque to their users including patients, nurses, and even the physicians. It best described as complex adaptive systems because they are collections of the individuals who are very free to act in various ways that are unpredictable. The boundaries of the organization can be very fuzzy since social station changes and providers of the services can simultaneously be members of other sub-systems. Given the complexity of these sub-systems, the action of the individual teams are much interconnected so that the action of one sub-system can change the whole context of the other sub-systems.Microsystem may change over time so that it can respond to the needs of their patients, staff members and the out-of-door pressure from the surrounding environment. They try to coexist properly with other

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health cargon - Essay ExampleA concept entailing a well designed grocerying liberty chits guidance to the development of comprehensive marketing initiatives, which assists in riping individualized markets. The target market of wellness care organizations comprises of group of clients through their service and goods. This creates the need for a good strategy, and the target market is evaluated the well thought-out in outrank to develop a plan for targeting contact community. Therefore, health care organizations position themselves in a way that separates themselves from the competitors. In this case, heath care organizations offer the similar services and products, thus by providing unique services the organization leads attr action of new customers base and development of a substantial relationship in the midst of customers and organization. Moreover, the organization target market is considered unique through the services and products that they offer in order to attract new customers. Competitive health care industry requires a periodic examination of products and services in order to ensure that the products and services offered to the patients are of high quality. ... The hospitals have also been conducting periodic surveys in order to identify target element within a authentic area. The hospitals provide unique services in order to part themselves from the competitors. On the other hand, there is a need to understand the fundamental dimensions of differentiation and position in order to explore the marketing strategies of Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic. According to Spencera, Joinerb and Salmonc (2009), differentiation relates to the process of adding a set of substantial differences that are valued by customers in a way that can distinguish the organization products and services from competitors offerings. Therefore, the health care institution differentiate their market through offering an along five dimensions, which include products, services, channels, escort and personnel. However, services dimensions in health care field are significant through the relations between the employees and patients. In this case, a positive experience concerning the employees and patients can create the difference of one hospital from the competitors. The hospital applies a well-planned marketing and branding tactic in order to establish a course of action for the maturity of effective marketing campaign. Moreover, they have marketing and branding strategies, which are key components of consideration through the development of their marketing plan. Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic have an approach that offers incentives for the process of expansion through marketing initiatives, which attract distinguished market. Therefore, they are able to offer services that are desired by a certain group of consumers in the target market. The target customer refers to people who have a high likelihood

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Economics of Sports Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economics of Sports - Article ExampleThe research question authors want to address is whether the assessment of skills for baseball game game players market was revoltingly ineffective as stated by Lewis in his book (Hakes & Sauer, 173). The methods used in examining the research question include theoretical and semiempirical approaches. The theoretical approach is used since the method involves a theoretical system that analyzed reasons why baseball players market failed to be productive. On the other hand, an empirical approach is used since the method involves existing elementary econometric tools and data that determines the progress of market for baseball players to determine the research objective. The core conclusion the authors reached in their research is that baseball players market was ineffective in the beginning of 21st Century because of improper evaluation of aptitude and skills. The thing they did exceptionally well is stating shipway field of sports economics can maximize their profits and advance their performance (Rosner & Kenneth, 361). The biggest criticisms of the paper include disaster to find effective methods of collecting data for the research and the demography used was ineffective in explaining the primary(prenominal) idea put across since some contradicted. In addition, the paper focused only on whimsical sport rather than using other sports to find an apt solution for the research question. Lastly, the authors would have include an effective way of conducting an resourceful research by including methodology, results, discussion, and recommendation on the hypothesis.

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Design and Build Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Design and Build - Essay Exampleostly cultural heritage issues and sustainability always come into action with the accreditedities of economical survival for example cutting down of trees has prevailing pragmatic consideration. Saving trees can deposit a society to escape severe poverty which comes as a result of deforestation. When facing divergent parameters the solution would be to save trees but for the pedagogical process, deliberation and engagement with complex issues at throw there were more important things than the specific outcome (Frances, 145).For decades architectural educators and practitioners have observed that there an change magnitude alarm in decreased significance of the architectural work. It is more acute on diminishing computer architectures power in cultural and social changes. Irreverence of our profession is at critical occasion and therefore schools of architecture must act quickly to the complex, divergent and varied social demands.The basic enter prisingness believes that community dire economic predicament, traditional knowledge and community based practices offers a chance of chances of negotiating a better life. The process of undertaking design and build practices in a community based culturally and socially helps a student to understand how architecture operates and bring about change to the community (Frances, 210).In this students do real projects designing and in real communities which has the benefit of collaborative synthetic learning experiences from real building and working in poor community. Students participate in design and build as a piece of architecture and on completing they compelled to show their experience by evaluating their design in condition of their real

Transcendentalim and Walden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transcendentalim and Walden - Essay Exampleint hum of a mosquito fashioning its invisible and unimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sitting with access and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homers requiem itself and Iliad and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings. There was something cosmical about it a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then at that place is least somnolence in us and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the succor of the day and night. Little is to be expected of that day, if it can be called a day, to which we are not waken by our Genius, but by the mechanical nudgings of some servitor (Thoreau 140).According to Walden, Henry David Thoreaus Walden is a holograph of self-reliance, a social experiment that r eflects upon simple living in natural surroundings. The book employs elements of transcendentalism, an idealistic philosophical movement developed by Immanuel Kant that is based on the idea that to understand life, one must reach an intuitive process of personal introspection. This paper employs close reading techniques to show how elements of transcendentalism are exemplified in the excerpt. The paper also discusses figures of speech, diction, tone, and the general use of words in Thoreaus Walden, to explain their effectiveness in relaying Thoreaus message of simple living. Spiritual awakening, simplicity, individualism, and being one with nature are some of the elements of transcendentalism that unshackle human beings from the traditional ideologies of conformity and materialism.Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that champions for self-independence and self-reliance of the individual in society. It was developed by transcendentalists in the early 1820s and 1830s. Tra nscendentalism is exemplified by various

Monday, April 22, 2019

Strategy Formulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy Formulation - Essay exerciseExpansion into foreign markets proved successful for Altria and they added more countries to the list to distribute their products to. Some critics cite the intellectual for foreign expansion as to sell their controversial products where policies are not as strict as in the US. After the Master Settlement Agreement which imposed some marketing and selling sanctions on Altrias products, Altria had to reinvent their strategy and aim to expand worldwide where such restrictions werent applicable. Although Altria has been successful in worldwide operations, their controversial tactics, health hazards of their products, increasing litigations and the availability of cheaper counterfeit products pose serious challenges to them to operate globally. possibly to counter these threats, Altria has announced that it would split up the International division of Philip Morris in 2008 after the meeting on January 30, 2008 subject to favorable tax ruling. (Am bregni, 2008)Question 2 SWOT AnalysisAltrias basic revenue comes from its fundament brands of Philip Morris. Therefore any factors that affect Philip Morris brands, affects Altria to a large extent. Therefore the analysis done below is potently related to the cigarettes brands of AltriaStrengthsGlobal Operations - Altria operates globally in more than 150 countries with over 25 Philip Morris brands (MapofWorld, 2005). Although their ambition is strong, brands such as Marlboro being the most popular cigarettes in the world. Having different laws and opportunities to exploit certain rulings that are not applicable in US, Altria has penetrated the international market. Philips Morris international, once spun off, is expected to get 48 billion dollars of one-year revenue. This would also free the international division to focus on external soils without any restrictions that the company lock up faces because of US policies. (Ambregni, 2008)Strong Brand Names - Altria is the parent company of basically cigarette manufacturing companies. Over the historic period Altrias company, Philip Morris have built strong brands such as Marlboro, Benson and Hedges, Philip Morris, Parliament, Virginia Slims etc. the popularity and awareness of these brand linking to Altria has created benefits for the company in terms of profitability, sales, product diversification and customer doglikety. Addictive Capability of their Products - Altrias companies all have a resemblance in one aspect of the products made. They all have addictive tinges. Almost all Philip Morris cigarette brands, buttocks Middletons Cigars and SAB Millers brews contain the characteristics of leaving a person want more of it. Since customers want to keep having these products, Altria has ensured that its customers remain loyal and get 100% customer retention.Supports FDA Regulation - Philip Morris USA is the only U.S. tobacco company that supports meaningful and utile regulation of tobacco products by th e U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This creates a competitive advantage for Altria in the US to have the support of FDA which the consumers follow very strictly. (Altria, 2005)Focus in One Area - In 2007, Altria spun off its food subsidiary Kraft Foods so that Altria could focus on tobacco side. By stress on one area, the management and strategies can be all aligned to meet the corporations objectives easily and more efficiently. (Ambregni, 2008)OpportunitiesProduction in Foreign Markets - banking on the success in US, Altria can expand its operations get along by increasing production in foreign markets. Some countries that have to import Altria products, have to chip in high prices. By adding those countries to

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Graphics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Graphics - Essay Examplepeople enrolled, or the amount of capital spent/received) and finally I would provide the information that is to be communicated in its right kind by an appropriate main cognomen which can be list of majors enrolled in at XYZ university or amount of revenues earned per discipline by XYZ college.In this graphical illustration of data, I feel that the title is effective but the graphic chosen for its presentation is certainly less effective. The exact numbers which seemed to be the major information to be communicated is not provided. I would revise it with a format for presentation with happen mention of the exact numbers under distributively wing of the armed forces, as required. I would march on use colors to highlight the title. In addition, I would place the title below the figure (p. 328). Furthermore, I would include a source of this information presented as it seems to be taken from either a governmental or any some other published source.The pie map seems to exhibit the breakdown of constitutes at Hillway Corporation. I would recommend changing the color scheme by using different saturations of the same color for each slice of the pie chart. I would nurture label each slice with the exact percentage of total cost that is being calculated for the expense head mentioned. I would further separate the slice for salaries to emphasize on the highest cost factor for Hillway Corporation. I would further place the largest slice on the top and move in the clockwise direction arranging the slices in descending order as per their relevant sizes. I would further recommend labeling the slices horizontally inside with percentage and name of the expense in the give data. 2D pie chart is recommended for clearer indication on the sizes of each slice as they relate to the breakdown of expenses or any other data provided.Although line charts are more useful in understanding the changes that are seen over time, the unmarried costs can also b e illustrated of the PC components as

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Political Socialization and Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political Socialization and political orientation - Essay ExampleBlue The Political Typology) TYPOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHICS Yes, my demographics match those with the typical person in my quiz. The majority of the traits that ar present in a main path republican that is I am very captious and observant about how the government functions in American society. I believe in religion and the determine that come along with it therefore I completely oppose marriages of the same sex and abortions. I do not find charm in greed and hence business does not enamor me much. I tin all the efforts made by the government in order to protect this environment. And finally I have faith in labor as hard work always pays off no matter of how crucial the circumstances might be. The only point that I disagree over is when it comes to my typology is that I support social welfare programs to an extent. There are many Americans who are in learn of support by the government to make both ends meet, therefore such programs should regulate.Lastly I do support immigrants as through with(predicate) their efforts there have been positive benefits to our current economy. The main street republican group thus closely matches my typology. ANALYSIS OF MY SURVEY RESULTS Like I mentioned previously that my results are quite agreeable with only a few reservations that I have regarding them. My result stated that I am a main street republican which is the best group they could put me too. Since I support the Republican government and I wholly side them with most of the characteristics they believe I possess. A Main Street Republicansdiffer from Staunch Conservatives in the degree of their conservatism and in their skepticism about business. They are socially and fiscally... The subject of political sociology and political orientation is quite important as it helps individuals to understand the depth of politics and their stance over it. Politics is an implicit in(p) component of every persons life as it directly or indirectly affects an individual in heterogeneous manners. By studying political sociology one can easily affiliate himself to the prevailing system and do his best in order to change the system if required. As a main street republican I believe that the present system is the best way to sustain as it allows the direct troth of public in the state affairs making it an issue of the entire nation. Certain amendments and strict laws and regulations need to be made in order to overcome prevailing social evils in the society. Thus grandness is rare and great men are few but republican government puts power in the hands of many rather than few.

Friday, April 19, 2019

Federal health care policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal wellness trade policy - Essay Exampletient Protection and low-priced Care Act (Obamacare) is an example of federal wellness policy that was passed and enacted in March 2010 (Cronin & Aponte, 2012). Over the past decades, federal wellness care policies have been criticized establish on their implementation, effectiveness and consistencies with the constitutional framework of federalism. This paper, therefore, primarily aims at describing how the Obamacare raises the question of federalism, including the pros and cons in debates about the policy. It to a fault provides the effectiveness of this policy and its consistency with the constitutional framework of federalism.President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, in March 2010 (Cronin & Aponte, 2012). He outlined that Obamacare program will introduce taxation credits that will help small businesses offer insurance to their employees, restrict insurance firms to drop or limit a patients cover age due to illness, enable individuals with pre-existing conditions to quality for insurance, and chuck up the sponge people of up to 26 year remain on their parent or guardians policies (Cronin & Aponte, 2012). A number of reforms, under this bill, have been implemented while others are scheduled for implementation, in the succeeding(a) few years. Both the Democrats and Republicans have since criticized the bill, even after it was passed by congress. They argue that this bill will still reduce the access and quality to wellnesscare, and reduce a persons ability to purchase health insurance (Cronin & Aponte, 2012).The debate about Obamacare concerns its effectiveness in enabling all Americans access and pay for their health insurance plans. People supporting Obamacare argues that this legislation builds on the existing health care system, and uses the available medical exam providers, doctors and plans. It also provides affordable and accessible healthcare for Americans (Jacobs & Skocpol, 2012). Patients will be able to negotiate about health care decisions with their

Thursday, April 18, 2019

The Political Theory of Machiavelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

The Political Theory of Machiavelli - endeavor ExampleIt makes sense to ask a question about whether it is possible to justify his political theory and see its validity. Following the logic of Abramson, one can find two main arguments in kick upstairs of the validity of Machiavellis theory. The first argument assumes that Machiavelli considered his theory as useful for those rulers who tried to avoid hatred because he was aware that political activity is always associated with a certain kind of abrasiveness and force out (location 2085). In turn, the second argument is that the philosopher developed his political concept based on the use of hedonist rather than Christian morality (locations 2094 and 2101). As he saw it, in contrast to Christian ethics, hedonist morality gave much more opportunities to solve an extremely important political task, namely the unification of Italy (location 2101). In general, the validity of his concept stems from the fact that it was aimed at st rengthening the political power in Italy and its unification into a single country able to demonstrate a high economic and social potential. Thus, the aim of the penning is to provide two main arguments in favor of the political theory of Machiavelli.As previously noted, the oppose attitude towards the political philosophy of Machiavelli is due to the fact that the philosopher justified the use of violence, abuse, lies, and deceit to gain the situation of the governor. In his famous work titled The Prince, Machiavelli suggested political leadership based on a procedure of principles, in particular, pursuing the aim to eliminate political opponents. One can identify a some basic principles proposed by Machiavelli in this work. Firstly, the philosopher said that the desire to seize power using violence and cruelty is rather natural.

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Wisdom Tradition and how life is best lived Essay

science Tradition and how life is better(p) lived - Essay ExampleThey determine whether one lived his or her life the best way or not. This has always been the way of life for communities that digest been guided by the teachings of their religious books. Besides, clergymen fire be used to teach a number of people in the field to bring about(predicate) the desired final effect.Plato and Augustine observed that all religions in the macrocosm did shargon number of specific truths. Among them are the wisdom books and teachings that are used to guide the respective folders. Through the perennialism theory, the various religious groups in the world have various truths that take care of their flocks social, intellectual, and psychological needs of a given culture over a period. A number of people that include the founders of the various religions, prophets, and philosophers have encourage echoed this. Despite the fact that the scriptures might oppose each other superficially, one ca n distinguish a common doctrine for the final purpose of human life (Brown, 88). Through Socrates and Augustine, a number of philosophers have gained insight on what is meant by wisdom tradition that has been of the great contribution to the development of the field.Plato had a fire picture of what wisdom is. He defines it as the best thing in life. Essentially, he comes up with ternion platonic images of wisdom to make his wisdom perception clear. The icon of leaving the cave depicts wisdom as a factor that enlightens and illuminates the mind and the nation. With its possession, one is at the verge of having a new dimension of life. The uphold iconic point is wisdom as the tool that cares for the heart. Primarily, it does insist on ensuring that the knowledge is put into commit (Brown, 89). Most significantly, he professes that to mean that he is ever willing to learn. One must remain move to learn and satisfy the intrinsic

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Positive psychology Essay Example for Free

Positive psychology EssayThe idea and the purpose behind the field of positive psychology is not to cure patients of mental illnesses but to get ahead a normal persons liveness more fulfilling and more satisfactory. Positive psychology has to do with human happiness, cheerfulness and an optimistic attitude in life on the whole. This branch of psychology works on strengthening personal resolve and character building. It is essentially a specialized field and a fancy name for what was already being practiced by counselors.In my opinion, adding this branch of psychology demonstrates the growing fill for care before cure. Psychologists realize the nature of mental illnesses in this day and age. They are concerned with the rapid increase in the number of patients. Hence in station to keep the rest of the population feeling positive about themselves, psychologists have come to realize that they need to boost the peoples morale to prevent an onset of a mental illness much(prenom inal) as depression, which more often than not can easily go unnoticed.Research shows that the phrase, laughter- the best medicate, actually stands true. Laughing, smiling, praising someone on their work and generally feeling satisfied in life rather than unsatisfied and ungrateful are the key elements of positive psychology. If the minds happy, the body cincture happy. It is the simple application of the ancient concept of the brain controlling the body.For instance when I am at work, instead of constantly worrying about when I pull up stakes be getting my promotion, if I am happy that I get to work fewer hours than Bob then my positive attitude will actually help me enjoy my work more. Similarly worrying less about silly things standardised my favorite cookies being out of stock in the market will do wonders for me on the whole. Itll make me a more relaxed person, someone who is more approachable and someone who can radiate positive faculty into the environment around him. It ll be my way of giving back to the community.

Admissions Essay Essay Example for Free

Admissions Essay EssayThere stick been several people with prominent impacts on my life, still why focus only on the people who have influenced me? Let us broaden the mount to include all worldly matter. Then I make no hesitation in stating that my eyetooth companion, Toby, has been my greatest influence.Toby, a vivacious miniature schnauzer, is at a well-ripened age of eleven. He is not the resembling leaper he was when he was younger. He sleeps about 18 hours a day and it is impractical to defy a nap on the couch with him, because his snoring is loud enough to be fooled with the reverberation of my atomic number 91 after a long day of golf. However, just before 5 oclock in the afternoon, only the gray hairs scattering Tobys black coat give away his mature age. It is around this time e real day that Toby begins his racket of letting you know that it is getting approximate to his dinnertime of 6 oclock. Tobys daily reminders guide me to take a plunk for against the com mon adolescent breakfast fast. They are also a source of accountability in my ask to keep a positive outlook on all things that I encounter in my life. confab more Satirical essay about drugsWhile Toby may be an ordinary dog, he and I share something that I have never had with another humanity. Toby and I communicate wear out than any two humans do. To a third party, it seems as though I am carrying on a conversation with a non-responsive dog on that pointfore essentially speaking back and forth to myself. However, I assure you that Toby responds back in his own way. What makes our communication so superior is Tobys masterful ability to express himself non-verbally. This allows me to open up to him and not have to worry about him responding with insensitive or uninsightful utterances. I have learned through Toby that when a person goes to another human to talk they would rather that the person speak less and listen more.I have also gear up my peckine companion to be dependable . He is at my feet when I need him on a unwarmed night to do the job my comforter is supposed to do. After having one of those days I can count on him to be there when I walk through the door and not run to the corner. I use this example of dependability and apply it to my daily life by being there for others asToby has been there for me.It may, to some, be a bit silly to consider a dog influential, but these people must not have had the privilege of owning one of mans very own best friends. I like to think that if our world had more children with dogs like my Toby, it would also have more children learning the core values that aid in responsibility and kindness.

Monday, April 15, 2019

The Pain The Mockingbirds Endure In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

The Pain The Mockingbirds Endure In To Kill A Mockingbird EssayThe pain the mockingbirds endure in To Kill a Mockingbird is quite receptive in that we pull a strong reaction by the readers eyes. Mockingbirds in this novel postulate quite the figurative meaning, as well as a truly literal one. I leave pay back you through both(prenominal), as we explore the main character ticker, and the four lessons she learns, and attains throughout To Kill a Mockingbird. These very useful, and challenging lessons are Put yourself in others shoes, dont kill mockingbirds, keep fighting regular if you know youll loose, and the universe of discourse is very unfair. genus Atticus (piquets father) is the one who teaches his daughter these lessons, and although the lessons took more time to learn and be fully appreciated, Scout pick ups the world in a integral new bearing because of them. In a counsel I guess we could say, she was blind, exactly now can see.First, Id like to analyze the first lesson that Scout was taught- put yourself in others shoes. at present to fully examine this lesson, we must jump back in forth in this book, since this is the lasting lesson Scout takes to determine. This lesson is centered around Scouts relationship with Arthur Radley, aka Boo. Boo is one of Scouts neighbors, however she has never seen him. thither have always been many rumors circulating around Maycomb county about Boo, which I assume started when he was an adolescent. In his young person years Boo had gotten in trouble with the law numerous times. His father didnt want his child staying anywhere else but home, so when his father passed, Boo was left in the house with his brother.Since Boo was very reclusive, it was well to target him as the weird, creepy man across the street. Scout, and her brother Jem find much interest and admiration in Boo. They like to sneak around the house, and try to lure Boo to come out. Atticus scolds Scout that she should stop messing with the poor man, but Scout cannot help herself. Through the story, we see Boo do zippo but kind things toward the Finch children. Although it takes Scout much time to realize the good he has done for her, she sees that she was so quick to judge and believe the rumors that everyone else had told. She never thought to think how Boo felt about the whole situation. At the end of the novel when Boo practically saves the lives of both Jem and Scout, we start to come to terms with the selflessness Arthur Radley had put forth toward the children.Secondly, the next lesson that Scout learns is to not kill mockingbirds. Now this is so vague because of both the figurative and literal means it plays in the book. In my interpretation I see the two some true mockingbirds are Boo, and Tom Robinson. You see, the rule in society is not to kill a mockingbird because all they do is make pretty music, and they never do any harm. We see this shine through in both Boo, and Tom. Boo is isolated in th e community of Maycomb because everyone wants to believe easy lies over the rocky truth.Boo doesnt like to be noticed, as we see through the novel, and thats wherefore it is easy to target him. Now later on we see that Boo is of course not who the whole town makes him out to be, and thats why he is a mockingbird. Now onto Tom Robinson. Tom is probably the most emotional, heart-wrenching character in TKMB. He is a black man incriminate of raping a white women. Tom is innocent, and was proven so. However since he is a black man, the color of his skin had already set a prerequisite to the trials outcome. He was accused of the crime and said to be delinquent. Tom was later killed, and we truly see in a cardinal and one ways that killing a mockingbird is just as bad as finishing an innocent mans life just because the color of his skin.Furthermore, this brings me onto the next lesson Keep fighting even if you know youll loose. Atticus teaches this extremely important lesson to Scout in Tom Robinsons trial. Although we see that all the facts point to Tom world innocent, his skin color has already determined the outcome of the verdict. Atticus has one of the biggest hearts in this novel, and a very open-mind. He hopes that the justice system will have a change of heart, and that is why no matter how stacked the odds were against Tom, and how much the community turned their backs on Atticus, he treated his parapraxis with Tom just as fair and equal as any other. Even when the jury state Tom as a sheepish man, Atticus went straight to work on finding a possible solution to freeing this man. Scout seems to not understand why Tom was declared guilty at first, but soon she realizeswhich brings us to the fourth lesson.The last lesson Scout learns is that the world is unfair. Not everything will turn out the way you want, even if you do everything right, or put your life at risk. around outcomes are never what we can predict, and the earlier we learn this lesson, the better. Scout sees that Tom Robinson was said to be guilty simply because he was black. Id say this lesson was the most difficult for Scout to understand because it doesnt make much sense, and by chance never will. The world is cruel, and unfair.Tom was a dead man, and he had never done anything even terminal to hurting someone, much less raping a woman. We are so closed minded in the way we see the world. One quick look at something and weve made up our mind on whether or not its worth it. The world will chew you up and spit you back out even if you are a saint. There is no explanation to why bad things happen to good people, but Scout understands that these things do happen. With this she learns not to take life for granted, and matures in a way that only harpist Lee can explain.In conclusion, TKMB has such a historical, geographical, cultural, and social impact on any reader. We see that the time frame of the book is during the great depression, and how we viewed the world in such a limited way back then. Today we are so much more advanced, and civil towards all kinds of cultural groups. There is no escaping the disease of racism, but as a world we have come a yearn way since the 1930s. Also, we see how killing a mockingbird has such an influential effect on the devising and shaping of this novel, but also the lesson a reader can take away with them after variation the book. Why would you want to end such a beautiful thing when there is so much evil else where in the world? Maybe, because the world is very unfair.

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Analysis of Asian American Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Asian the Statesn EssayThe United States has be bewilder the most diverse monastic order on the face of the earth. For more than a century, most immigrants to the United States were EuropeansGermans, English, Italians, and so forth. However, according to Globalization and modern Immigration to the United States by Min chuck and J. V. Gatewood, non-European immigration to the United States began in the late sixties and has accelerated at rapid speeds since the early 1990s after a long hiatus collect to characterizeed immigration. More than one million people a year migrate, mostly from Asia and Latin American- is transforming America into a multicultural society. At the same time, diversity became a distinguishing characteristic of contemporary Asian American. Cultural, social, frugal and geopolitical factors have contributed to the diversity and also has brought new challenges for immigrants and their children to adapt themselves to the new environment. (Min Z hou and J. V. Gatewood) There argon four aspects about the nurture of a coherent vision for future Asian American as what Min Zhou and J. V.Gatewood described. Firstly, variously national origins, which make impact on both the immigrant generation and the plump for and third generation in language and religions. Secondly, socioeconomic diversity brings about different kinds of mobility patterns. Thirdly, diverse answer modes influence the interruptment of Asian American community. Finally, immigration complicates intergenerational relations and ethnic solidarity. As what Min Zhou and J. V. Gatewood referred, the Philippines, China/Taiwan, Korea, India, and Vietnam have been on the list of top-ten sending countries since 1980.Even though there were different kinds of laws to restrict immigration from the Asian-Pacific triangle, Asian immigrants establish other ways to become eligible citizen. For example, marrying white Americans. With the development of globe economy, the U. S . immigration policy had been changed. On the one hand, the United States sought cheaper labor and resources abroad to develop the globalization of its economy. Since the 1980s, about on e-third of the engineers and medical personnel in the U. S. labor market have come from abroad-mostly from India, China, Taiwan and the Philippines. (Min Zhou and J.V. Gatewood) Further, more and more Asian study abroad, therefore, many international students, namely, foreign students, had found permanent employment in America so that they could stay here. On the other hand, globalization had vie a significant role in immigration. For one thing, developing countries economics and occupational structures were interposed by the U. S. investment. The U. S. import the abroad material and then processed, finally, exported to those developing countries. For another thing, with the increase number of labor demand, rural-urban migration increased rapidly.

Friday, April 12, 2019

Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Two English Learning Visual Advertisements Essay Example for Free

Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Two English Learning Visual Advertisements EssayIt was non until the advent of new media age, which by definition involves prevailing digital-mediated communication modes and substantial usage of quadruplex semiotical resources combined in the realization of discourses, did the mainstream preference of monomodality unprecedentedly challenged (Kress train Leeuwen, 2001). Language, as one of the semiotic resources, is by no means the only carrier to realize discourses. Diversity should be acknowledged in the current age when visual, audio and other kinds of semiotic resources are convenient and efficient in delivering the addict discourses concept into expressions (Kress, 2003). The save study will base its epitome primarily on the multimodal discourse outline framework and visual grammar proposed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996, 2001), as an application of their theoretical framework into practices. Since the multimodal discourse analysis (hereafter MDA) theory has been established only within this recent decade, and it is relatively hard to find solid references to stick up this theory, flaws and limitations are therefore unavoidable.As MDA is considered the subdivision of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) which focus on companionable semiotic approach of critical discourse analysis (hereafter CDA), this present study should be considered as an experimental attempt of utilizing MDA in incorporating social culture and ideology into discourse analysis1. Firstly, the rationale underneath this present look for is based on Kress and Leeuwens quatern-layered meaning rendering domains known as strata (Kress Leeuwen, 2001), as well as their theoretical construction of visual grammar, which is an outspread, or more specifically generalization of verbal grammar (Kress Leeuwen, 1996). Basically, the theory of strata gives an general account of meaning-making in multiple articulations among discourse, desi gn, exertion and distri plainlyion, the offset both of which being associated with content and the latter devil with expression. The basic meaning making f little is conceptualization (from discourse to design), materialization (from design to production) and reproduction (from production to distribution).In this research, only the graduation phase of meaning articulation will be dealt with, because the data canvass here are visual advertisement posters on the internet without tangible material texture much(prenominal) as newspaper publisher or stone, which made the analysis less complex and more focused. According to Kress and Van Leeuwen (2001, pp.21), the process of design involves three things simultaneously (1) a formulation of a discourse or crew of discourses, (2) a particular (inter) exercise, in which the discourse is embedded, and (3) a particular way of combining semiotic modes. This triple process has at least two implications (1) the realization of social comm unication by encoding the elevate discourse into a specific design and (2) deliberate choice of communication media through which the meaning could be more effectively delivered, such as the combination of music, image and sequence in films. For the second implication, this present research only involves visual mode of semiotic resource which further reduced the complication of analysis. The first implication is in truth the central focus in this research paper.If the process of designing is, to some survive, a process of encoding, then using the visual grammar to analyze this design is exactly the reverse process, namely decoding. That is to say, this paper is aiming at using visual grammar as a tool to decode the visual image so that to find out the hidden social constructed discourses underneath the poster. The similarity between visual grammar and verbal grammar lies in their system underlying the language-use, the ubiquitous fundamental elements of linguistic rules (Chomsky, 1972). This generative grammar lends validity to the set of rules Kress proposed suitable for analyzing visual literacy or visual language. This present analysis will primarily follow Kress framework of visual grammar, shared out into three levels representational, interactional and compositional. The representational grammar is heavily associated with ideational meaning in SFL, which basically deals with the internal transaction between the depicted participants and a setting of circumstances in which they occur2.The representational grammar is basically realized by senders which could exhibit the interrelations between the participants or between the participant and the viewer. In advertisement 1 (see appendix), the participant is a untested clerical employee who desperately gazing towards the reader/viewer. From the perspective of the representational grammar, this is a non-transactional reaction, characterized by a gazer but without a phenomenon appearing on the poster. The non-transactional process is characterized by a vector extending from the gazers eyes towards promptly outside the poster or to the reader/viewer who looks at the poster. Similarly, advertisement 2 (see appendix) also shows a non-transactional reaction. But the gazera caricature figure of ancient Chinese historical character Zhuge Liangdoes not extend his eye-line vector directly towards the reader but to somewhere else without specified phenomenon. Moreover, the second advertisement has, though implicit, an action vector the feather fan in the cartoon figures hand indicates a personal manner of waving.Although this action vector is also non-transactional, it is stronger than a reaction vector. If comparing these two posters from a representational level, the first one is completely reaction vector with clear pointing angle to the reader. That is to say, the reader/viewer here is actually the phenomenon of the gazer. The second one has both action vector and reaction vector, thou gh both non-transactional. The action vector adds to the posters agentive quality and centralized its salience on the movement of waving feather fan. The synergistic grammar is concerned with social relations between interactants and the represented world of text (readers/viewers). There are four major systems oppositions, social distance, attitude and modality (Kress Van Leeuwen, 1996, pp.43-118). The following part will analyze the two posters within each system. In the first advertisement, the interactive participant, or that young male white-collar imposes a demand contact towards the viewer, which is a direct eye-line vector towards outside the poster. Contrastively, the gazer on the second poster presented an snap contact, which is characterized by no direct eye contact (though imaginary) with the viewer.The distinction between demand and offer significantly distinguished these two posters. The mood represented in the first one is more engaged, direct and intensive. The y oung male looks directly to the reader as if interrogating the readers if they had been through the same desperation and suspicion on the position whether Chinese could ever learn English well. He seeks the recognition and resonances from the reader towards his own signatures. His demanding eye-line attracts the readers counter-directional reaction vector, and the reader will feel passively being gazed and therefore a tense feeling and obliged inward self-inspection whether I am just like him who cannot learn English well. However, the mood in the second poster is more disentangled, aloof and carefree.The cartoon character looks at somewhere else as if on purpose avoiding eye contact with the reader. This manner of offer invites the reader to cast reaction vector towards him. By screening a confident manner of already discovered the hush-hushs of learning English, this advertisement uses the absence of contact as a strategy to arouse viewers interest in discovering what exactly is the secret that this ancient sage has. Similarly, under the social distance system of analysis, the first poster is very learned/personal, characterized by a close shot, yet the second one is relatively impersonal under a medium shot. From the perspective of attitude system, the first poster is presented from a front, eye-level angle which represents heavy involvement and touch status with the viewers.The designer of the poster intends to create a young man who could be anyone of those young white-collar who has problems learning English. The second one is also presented from a front, eye-level angle. Yet it is noticeable that due to the disproportion of its body and the keen proportion between his eyes and the entire face, it is very likely to get an illusion that it is a low angle, which signifies the represented participants power. The compositional grammar primarily deals with the way in which information or prise is transferred from the represented participants towards the viewers. Since the two posters both adopted a centered circular position which presented their central characters in the very core of the composition, there is very little to compare in the aspect.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

Concept Application Project Essay Example for Free

Concept Application Project EssayThroughout the semester I earn explored more topics in sociology. While exploring these topics, three main abstractive vistas were used. I will briefly illustrate individually of the main theoretical perspectives of functionalism, engagement opening, and symbolic Interactionism. During this semester I let watched two films, Food In integratedd and The Vernon Johns Story. I will describe how a theoretical perspective is used in each of these fashion models. Then I will provide my own two characters where concepts and theoretical perspectives base be illustrated. My First use is the capital of mummy endurance contest betrayings and the second is the Mass Medias coverage of the capital of Massachusetts Bombings. The Functionalist Perspective is a sociological perspective that emphasizes each part of hostel contributing to the survival of that nine. In Sociology in Modules, they define the functionalists perspective as, A sociologic al approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a participation atomic number 18 structured to proceed its stability (Schaefer 15).Read moreConflict Perspective on Social Media The functionalist perspective nooky be compared to the human body model. Each part of the body per ground levels specific tasks. For example, our legs allow us to walk or run and our lungs allow us to breathe. Without each and every body part, one simply whoremongernot perform to the utmost potential. Now when a functionalist is looking at a society, they may see different sociable groups that extend to a larger population. The Conflict Perspective is a sociological perspective that views the world as a constant struggle.In our textbook, Sociology in Modules, they define the conflict perspective as, A sociological approach that assumes that tender behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to ser vices, and political representation (Schaefer 15). There are m either areas where conflict can come near in todays society. Religious groups, political parties, and different complaisant classes, may all have conflicting views with other or opposite groups.Examples of the conflict perspective include heart of production versus roil and the concentration of wealth. In recent history, the conflict perspective is becoming more popular. With, The widespread social upheaval resulting from battles over civil rights, bitter divisions over the war in Vietnam, the rise of the feminist and gay expelling movements, the Watergate political scandal, urban riots, and confrontations at abortion clinics have offered brook for the conflict approach (Schaefer 16). Groups in society with different viewpoints often pose a great threat to conflicting parties.The Interactionist Perspective is the third main sociological perspective where the traditional way of thinking comes from typical human i nteraction between groups. Sociology in Modules defines the interactionist perspective as, generalizations about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole (Schaefer 17). The interactionist perspective is also know as symbolic interactionism. I believe it is overmuch easier to look at it from a symbolic interactionism perspective because symbols are easier to understand.From a symbolic interactionist perspective, one may see the world we live in as full of objects. These objects can come on the form of heap, places, things, thoughts, feelings, or symbols. Symbolic interactionism looks at these symbols to characterize groups by their symbol. Each symbol may be different. For example, a symbol could be the type of color of car you drive, what you wear to work or school everyday, or even tattoos. Groups in society are often characterized by their symbols. These symbols allow the great unwashed with similar symbols to herald with ease.Food Incorporat ed is a documentary film that portrays the corporate farming industry in the join States as unhealthy, harmful, abusive, and inhumane. Food Inc. the movie really gave me something to think about, it only reinforced my beliefs to eat healthy and support organic and free-range grass fed meats. The most meaningful thing to me was when one of the contributors said the corporate farming industry only wants to grow their products bigger, fatter, cheaper, faster. This agribusiness in only in it for the sake of business and they dont see the other side.On the other side there are these products that are being mass-produced in factory farms. This seemingly only affects the lower class Americans who can only afford the cheapest of food products at the super market. From a financial standpoint, it only makes sense that people are forced to consume such low quality products at their demise. As the conflict theory would describe it, this is a constant struggle between the producer and the cons umer. The producers are producing animal products in tightly fitting quarter factory farms and feeding them corn, which is not a naturally occurring meal.Specifically cattle and chickens are given over hormone shots to make them grown bigger, fatter, and faster. These farms do not treat the animals well at all. The animals live in horrible conditions, often times in their own manure. This causes disease to reach to food that eventually people eat. There are cases that come up all the time where products need to be pulled from the shelves in stores because of grime foods. The Vernon Johns story is a true story turned into a movie that portrays a Minister, Vernon John, who leads the African Americans in the fight for civil rights.This film demonstrated the development of social change in the south. First, the blacks do not measure up to the gaberdines in social class. They often held position in social that were not important of looked down upon. For example, the position that Ver non John holds is viewed as a conflict by sinlessness law enforcement officials. During the early 1900s, Black Americans were being segregated from society. Secondly, During this time, African Americans were not recognized by society as having any value other than slavery. Race and ethnicity played a large eccentric in society during this time.African American Racial groups formed and they were discriminated against. Vernon John is a leader of social change. He stepped up and faced the danger in speaking his views. The movie illustrates two great examples of hate execration in the 1920s. The first is when Vernon John was driving in his car late at night to begin a girl who had been raped to the hospital. The white policemen pulled Vernon John over and just antagonized him for no reason. Another example is when part of Vernon Johns church was set on fire. This was obviously planned by the white Americans out of hatred for Vernon Johns following and community.The blacks were heav ily being discriminated against. Third, the government used force and power to performance their will against Vernon John and the Black Americans. The movie demonstrates a great example of what goes on in society today. Although the United States may not be going through the exact same situation of contrariety as the 1900s, we are still facing sorts of discrimination and hate crimes today. Which leads me into my next example, the recent Boston Marathon bombings. The Boston Marathon bombings is an alleged terrorist attack that happened during the finish of the 2013 Boston Marathon.On April 15th, 2013, two Muslim brothers from Massachusetts detonated two explosives near the finish line of the Marathon, violent death three people and injuring more than 200 people. The 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings display the conflict some people have with society. I am not in the head of the bombers or the investigators so I am only speaking from an outside perspective. With that being said, I cann ot imagine what they were thinking when setting off these two explosions in front of thousands of people. From the suspects point of view, they must have seen the world from a conflict perspective.They must have believed that they didnt fit into society. In a circumvent Street Journal article, one suspect claims he and his brother were angry about the U. S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the killing of Muslims there (Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack). My only guess is that their hatred for the United States is so jumpy that they concluded in carrying out these horrible acts. It appears that other groups from over seas heavily influenced the suspects. This is just one example of how government, religion, and cultural differences can become conflicting in society.The mass media can influence the coverage of any story by the time it reaches the public. The mass media is defined by Sociology in Modules as, publish and electronic means of communication that carries m essages to widespread audiences (Schaefer 153). The leverage they have is huge in what information/sources they have and what they release. In the coverage of the Boston Bombings, the media helped the public understand of what precautions they should take around the threatened area. The media also helped people from across the state understand what was happening in Boston.In this case, I believe the media did a good job in providing accurate information to the public. However, this is not always the case. The conflict view states that gatekeeping can control what information reaches the public. For example the media can choose on which pieces of news to report on, leaving out specifics that could totally twist the story. They can also choose which sources they want to use which may also have an affect on the number of the story. Not all social classes have access to certain news sources. Many sources are poop a pay wall, which prohibits some potential viewers from accessing the i nformation.The functionalist view would say that the mass media plays a role in society that keeps it moving forward. Sociology in Modules says, the mass media is to occupy our leisure timefrom newspaper comics and crossword puzzle puzzles to the latest music releases on the Internet. While that is true, the media have other important functions. They also socialize us, enforce social norms, confer status, and promote consumption (Schaefer 154). This is all very true and it reinforces our viewpoints of the media. Overall, multiple theoretical perspectives can portray the mass media.Indeed, concepts and theoretical perspectives learned in class are used to illustrate events in society today. First, the example of the Vernon Johns story gives one the ability to see the upbringing of social change through the civil rights movement. The second example of the Food Inc. production is one that produces for profit without winning into consideration all the ethical and health needs of Ameri can citizens. Third, my example of the Boston Marathon Bombings illustrates conflict and hates crimes in our culture today. Lastly. The mass media acts as an agent between information and the public through print and electronic versions.The conflict and functionalists theoretical perspectives can be used to analyze the mass media. Therefore, social concepts and theoretical perspectives are used throughout the society we live in today. ? Works Cited Authorities Say Bomb Suspects Planned NYC Attack. WSJ. com. Associated Press, 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013. Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Movie One, 2008. DVD. Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology In Modules. New York McGraw-Hill, 2011. McGrawHills Connect. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. The Vernon Johns Story. Dir. Kenneth Fink. 1994. DVD.

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

GPS System Essay Example for Free

GPS System EssayThe United farming for Department of defense is the one that come up with Global Positioning System (GPS). It is a artificial satellite sailplaning carcass which is build up by 24 satellites which are networked. It was initially intended for force application for the department of United States and around 1980s the system was allowed to be exercised by stack who are even not in the military arena. A GPS receiver usually calculates its position by admiting the clip when the signals are being sent by the GPS satellite to the atmosphere. The first satellite navigation system which was used by the united state navy was taken in to test by the year 1960. They did it by the use of constellation of five satellites. At this time the system was unable to give accurate clock and they come up with a new satellite called Timation satellite. This satellite was able to accurately calculate the clock and provide a good time when the signal was sent. The GPS system is p owered by the use of solar and they still have batteries to be used in case of eclipse. How it worksThe GPS satellites go round the earth two times a day and in the process it transmits signal entropy to the ground. On the other sides the GPS receiver acquires this information and calculates the users the proper location. GPS system has over the old age been developed and it has become more accurate as compared to some years back. When it comes to time keeping you go out find that most clocks are synchronized to be able to move well with ecumenical time where the clock is set in to GPS time. GPS System in our case In our case the GPS system shadow actually be useful to the NYC subway and bus system.The NYC subway will position transmit along the road and trail as well where bus stops and train are set respectively. At each stage of the station where those boards containing instruction are elevated in a strategic position such that every body can see it as well as subscribe to it. It should use signs that each and every passer is able to interprets or provide avoice which is being heard by all the passengers. The signal signs can be inform of arrows showing the direction in which the train or bus is moving along with the time when the bus will be approaching.NYC subway being a central system for receiving the signal and transferring them to the required destination effectively, then passengers will be able to know when the bus is approaching. May be it can show the time and give a notice, so that, passengers can as well prepare themselves for a board. NYC subway should closely monitor the system to avoid the natural event of differences by the passengers on which and when to board the bus. They can be able to control the system by qualification sure that each and every step leading to arrival of signal is properly coordinated by the bus management.People are now able to access the directions on where their destination is situated by even the click of the mouse, where one can Google and find the solution. Transit is well coordinated within the NYC and makes it prosperous and encourages more people to use the GPS system as a result of its efficacy. Conclusion By the use of GPS System there can be less confusion in the bus station in town of New York because every bus will come at a required time and the passengers for that specific bus will have been arrived.There exists a program where no delays are do to people who want to travel to their destination at the time when they have planned earlier. Over the years GPS system has been improved and tested for better results especially by the NYC subways where is has been a great help to the conveying system. Many companies are now developing the idea of using the DPS system over the world collectable to its efficiency and safe time.Reference Michael . R, 2002, the precision revolution GPS and the future of aerial warfare, naval institute press.

Monday, April 8, 2019

Former president of South Africa Essay Example for Free

Former president of southeasterly Africa Es tell apartMy fri remainders and I had joined and demand been a member of the Afri basis National Congress for a long succession. Our non-stop mission is to remove apartheid. Since 1944, when I had just joined the antiapartheid organization ANC, we have been exhausting to talk with the politics officials about the unfairness and the disadvantages of apartheid. Our non-violent mission to get rid of apartheid seems to go nowhere. The unite Nations and the United States, too, is backing us up with our couple of hundred dull colored folks. Since the government is mostly discolourned dominated, they wouldnt listen to our concerns because removing apartheid would be a great disadvantage for them. Most factory or comp either owners atomic number 18 white. Removing apartheid would mean that they would have to pay the blacks and the colored folks the same money since right now white spate get more paid than us.This is just one of the troopsy things the whites would suffer if an antiapartheid earth was formed. In the footsteps of Mohandas Gandhi we pursue a non-violent protest. I was non a messiah, but an ordinary man who had sustain a leader because of extraordinary caboodle. Clearly, one could draw the point on how miserable our blisterings were and under these circumstances you suffer greatly or stand up for your culture, stand up for your country and the meaning of our tribes. A changing world demands redefinition of old concepts. Africa, first step where humans took on this planet and we follow the biblical rules. I detest racialism, because I regard it as a barbaric thing, whether it comes from a black man or a white man.Dear Journal November 1962This is my first night in prison. I do not write to you in shame since I believe to be lucky enough to get down hanging. I am currently imprisoned at Robben Island with some of my colleagues for protesting against the true Africans not having any represent ative rights, which wiped out the possibility of bringing peace to South Africa. We Africans do not up to now have any of the Basic Human Rights. We are born with these rights and unless we give them upfor a certain type of government they are ours to keep. Us not having any human rights was an unarguable point since at Sharpeville in contact of 1960 the police fired at an African crowd and killing 67. Most of them were shot in the back. No one in his right senses would choose such a biography, but there comes a time when a man is denied the right to live a normal life, when he can only live the life of an outlaw because the government had so decreed to use the law.I could have continued with my life with what I was taught to do in life entreat, and since I was almost considerably a professional boxer I could have made genuine money and have a high-social life. But I chose to fight for our Basic Human rights, bring peace and end apartheid. And is this what I get for trying to get tinge rights? I have been sentenced for life in this forbidding, desolate place. This was my home. It was so big at the time. I dont chouse why it is so small now. I am treated harshly in this place. We do not receive healthy food and we have to work in a lime quarry. I can only write letters no longer than 500 words e very(prenominal) six months and ultimately I was able to talk with Winnie my dearest wife. We were not allowed to read books nor newspapers so the only way I could get information about what is going outside was through Winnie and her letters.Dear JournalDecember 27, 1988You could say Im getting used to my imprisonment. Since December, I was moved to a cottage at Victor Verster Prison. The reason I believe why the government moved me to this comfortable prison is because back in August, when I became very ill the government was afraid that if I died there would be a massive revolt. Because of my enormous favorite support, I was taken to one of the best medica l centers in the country. When in October I felt better, I was moved here. I feel much safer and more comfortable. This was just a prison farm even with a swimming pool. At least I do not have to work on fixing roads and collecting seaweed on hot summer days. During the winter, back at Robben Island, we worked at Limestone quarry and after 10 years of labor my doctor told me that I shouldnt lift so hard. The South African Government published my photos to show how much comfort I was living in. After all the restrictions I have received, these were the first photos of myself since 1966.In the name of the law, I found myself treated as acriminalnot because of what I had done, but because of what I stood for, because of my conscience. After all I did expect them to treat me harshly, I was the one of a couple of(prenominal) man who stood up for my country and because of what I was trying to accomplish made it so unbearable towards the government. I have fought against white domination , and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with partake opportunities. It is an ideal, which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be it is an ideal for which I am ready to die. The United Nations Article states that all men shall have the basic human right, independence and equal treatment. So I shall receive that right.Dear JournalAugust 17, 1984I have been telling you about in how horrible living conditions that black state live in. But maybe you dont exactly know what they are. vigorous let me tell you a broad definition of apartheid. Apartheid was a law unfair to black people in South Africa and it was made even before I was born. It limited our civil rights. We couldnt vote nor have proper jobs. We endured bad housing such as slums with no electricity or pluming. Black people were arrested most of the time for no major particular reason and put into re ally bad prisons. So now you know why it is so important for me to end apartheid. A man who takes away another(prenominal) mans granting immunity is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness.The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.After 20 years at Robben Island, the states most guarded prison, my people were asking for my independence. In my isolation section, I was secretly able to keep track of what was going on at the outside world. consort to the information I received, newspapers started writing headlines such as FREE MANDELA and LET MANDELA GO. I was so prize and recognized that the whole world started to notice how much the people wanted to free me. What I dont actualize is why they liveed so long. It was hard to know what was going on but I made it my seam to keep track of what was happening in my nation and in the world.The United States and Great Britain were naming streets and position after me. I didnt realize till today how people looked up to meand considered me important, for what I have tried and true to do and will still try end apartheid. Human rights groups and Universities gave me honors and awards but it was impossible for them to ever moot me. Its not like theyre papers which could be sneaked in, well I will just have to wait till I receive my independence.Dear JournalMay 11, 1994Yesterday was one the happiest days of my life. I was the president of South America. After 27 years if suffering in prisons. After the next 4 years of my foreswear I had been involved in rebels against the government, beside my followers. These last 4 years chaotic and violent. My supporters fought savagely with the Inkatha Party of the Zulu chief Gatsha Buthelezi. Many were killed on their side but unfortunately so did many on our side. When in 1986 I started to make negotiations with Botha I had refused his deal to give me my freedom under such conditions where I had to live in Tra nskei, reject violence and many other things. If I accepted these conditions just for my freedom, it would be a violation of what I stand for in my spot at the ANC. I kept it a secret till when I had to tell my friends so they could help me get my freedom and I could do well for my nation.The new President of South Africa and leader of the National Party, F.W. de Klerk, in the end decided to release myself and the other political prisoners. He also made ANC legal so I when I asked him for my freedom he released me. On February, 1990 I was released. But my joyful days werent over yet. A general preference was held in April, 1994. And about a year after the elections, yesterday I became the new and first black president of South America. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again picture the oppression of one by another.The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement. Let freedom reign. God bless Africa The people were dependant on me be cause they knew that I would au naturel(p) a civil war and follow whatever the ANC says to do so. As the people saw me end apartheid along F.W. de Klerk back in 1993 and received the Nobel Peace price, they expected me to bring many other good reforms. I promise to change the whole perception towards black people.

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Sexual Abuse and Subsequent Suicidal Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Sexual Abuse and Subsequent Suicidal Behaviour EssayABSTRACT.Suicidal demeanour is a cause for concern among many western countries in general, it is just abtaboo common among fresh women. This inquiry used soft methods to explore the narratives of 24 Cate Curtis, PhD, lectures in psychology at the University of Waikato, New Zealand. She is interested in female self-harming behaviour, including self-mutilation and unsafe behaviour social factors implicated both in engaging in self-harm and in recovery, assorticularly the roles played by family and friends and barriers to help-seeking behaviour such as stigma. She is also interested in the shipway people diagnosable with kind illness make sense of their experiences of creationness unwell and their experiences as consumers of mental health services. Cate has also worked in a number of social service come alongncies as a young and familiarity worker.Address correspondence to Cate Curtis, PhD, Psychology De rivement, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand (Email emailprotected). The author wishes to thank the actors who h whizzstly shargond their experiences of unsafe behaviour and internal holler, and hopes that the opportunity to get under ones skin their voices heard through this paper goes nearly way to repay their contribution. amine the meanings of events leading to and implicated in the recovery from unsafe behaviour. The inquiry confirms sexual offense as a common precursor to suicidal behaviour several women asserted that they would non open attempted self-destruction if they did non expect a sexual debase level.KEYWORDS. Sexual sophisticate, suicidal behaviour, adolescent mental health, interventionBarriers to early death ar increasingly strengthened through advances in medical science we are more aware of the causes of premature death than ever before. Yet roughly(prenominal) young people continue to attempt (and in some cases succeed) to t ake their own lives. Internation completelyy, adolescents and young adults are at greater risk of suicidal behaviour than other age groups (Gould et al., 1998 Romans, Martin, Anderson, Herbison, Mullen, 1995), and fleck males complete self-annihilation at higher rates than females, rates of suicidal behaviour in general are well higher for females (Ministry of Youth Affairs, Ministry of Health, Te Puni Kokiri, 1998). Examinations of risk factors for suicidal behaviour have giantly been quantitative in nature, seeking to determine correlations. Also, the majority of studies have been conducted with clinical populations.The research discussed in this paper attempts to address these contingent methodological issues through the use of qualitative methods with a community take in. The paper discusses the experiences of women who eng elder in suicidal behaviour while under the age of 25 through their first-hand accounts. Of particular interest is the relationship between sexual p ervert and accompanying suicidal behaviour, and how sexual abuse tincts upon help-seeking behaviour and the efficacy of interventions for suicidal behaviour. Adults who have been victims of sexual abuse as children or adolescents continue prodigiously greater symptoms indicative of falling off, anxiety, and self-abusive and suicidal behaviour.In a 1992 study by Saunders, Villeponteaux, Lipovsky, Kilpatrick, and Veronen, abuse survivors were significantly more in all likeliness than others to meet diagnosticcriteria for agoraphobia, threat disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Vajda and Steinbeck (2000) tack that childishness sexual abuse is a stronger predictor of repeated suicidal behaviour than individual characteristics and other stressors, and Read, Agar, Barker-Collo, and Davies (2001) nominate that Current suicidality was predicted better by child sexual abuse (experienced on average 20 ye ars previously) than a current diagnosis of depression (p. 367). Rodriguez-Srednicki (2001) inform increased rates of drug use, alcohol abuse, disordered eating, risky sex, dissociation, self-mutilation, and suicidality in a sample of 175 female college students who were survivors of childhood sexual abuse, as compared to 266 female college students with no describe history of abuse.Likewise, elevated rates of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, drug or alcohol abuse, suicide attempts, and psychiatric admission were set in motion in McCauley and colleagues (1997) study of childhood physical and sexual abuse in American women. Similar findings are reported by Polusny and Follette (1995), Silverman, Reinherz, and Giacona (1996), Stepakoff (1998), Read et al. (2001), and Read, Agar, Argyle, and Aderhold (2003) have linked sexual abuse to hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders.Sexual abuse has been linked to a number of disconfirming psychological outcomes in addition t o diagnosable disorders. Effects include trouble sleeping, nervousness, thoughts of hurting oneself, and learning difficulties. Women whose abusive experiences occurred within the family are at greater risk of fray than other women (Sedney Brooks, 1984). Wagner and Linehan (1994) reported that not only are women who have been sexually ill-treated more likely to oblige in deliberate self-injury, their behaviour is also more likely to be lethal than that of women who did not report abuse. More recently, Gladstone,Parker, Mitchell, and Malhi (2004) argued that depressed women with a history of childhood sexual abuse may guide specifically tailored interventions. While a casual reading of the publications may suggest that most women who have been sexually abused go on to experience psychological problems, the Otago Womens Health guide found that only one in five women who reported sexual abuse as a child developed a psychiatric disorder (Ministry of Health, 1998). Reviewing a number of studies, Goodyear-Smith (1993) argued that the other forms of abuse and family dysfunction that tend to occur alongside sexual abuse may in fact play at least(prenominal) as great a part in later depression and psychological problems. Boudewyn and Liem (1995) suggested that the interminable the duration and the more frequent and severe the sexual abuse, the more depression and self-destructiveness is likely.In a large random community study, Romans, Martin, and Mullen (1997) found that of their 252 histrions, 26% of the participants reported sexual abuse before age 12 and 32% were sexually abused by the age of 16. Twenty-three (4.8%) of those interviewed reported a history of deliberate self-harm, and 22 of these 23 reported childhood sexual abuse. The one woman who self-harmed without a history of childhood sexual abuse reported sexual and physical assault as an adult. It should be noted that the extensive majority of women who were sexually abused did not report sel f-harm. A clear dose effect was found the more frequent and intrusive the childhood sexual abuse, the stronger the association with selfharm. This was also found in a study by Mullen, Martin, and Anderson (1996). Sexually abused participants who had self-harmed were more likely than other survivors of sexual abuse to report depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and to drink alcohol in excess of the recommended guidelines.They were also more likely to have experienced psychosocial disadvantage in their families of origin, such as low care/ high control relationships with their parents, parental discord, paternal depression or alcohol abuse, and physical abuse. Romans and colleagues study clearly demonstrates that although not all women who havebeen sexually abused go on to harm themselves, the majority of women who harm themselves have been sexually abused. Although take on figures cannot be obtained and various definitions1 are used in the research, sexual abuse in girl s and young women is not uncommon, and it is generally accepted that females are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than males. For example, Saunders and colleagues (1992) reported that 10% of the women in their study in South Carolina had been raped during childhood, a further 15.6% had been molested, and another 12% had been the victims of non- tangency sexual assault (such as indecent exposure).When studied at age 18, 17% of females in a longitudinal study reported experiencing sexual abuse before age 16 (Fergusson, Lynskey, Horwood, 1996). However, it has been suggested that survivors in this age group are inclined not to report the abuse they have suffered (Ministry of Health, 1998). A study of 3000 women aged 18-65 (Anderson, Martin, Mullen, 1993) reported 32% being sexually abused before age 16. Using a close to narrower definition2 of sexual abuse than some, Muir (1993) found prevalence rates of 38% among women and 10% among men in her sample of university stud ents. However, Romans, Martin, Anderson, Herbison, and Mullen (1995) argued that until recently most studies have involved atypical samples such as social agency clients and clinical inpatients, and criticisms of the link between childhood sexual abuse and later suicidalityhave been based on these methodological issues for example, clinical inpatients may not be representative of the wider population of survivors of sexual abuse. Disclosure of abuse appears to be difficult for many survivors of sexual abuse, particularly apocalypse to police or others outside their circle of significant others. This may have implications for the efficacy of counselling and therapy. International studies reviewed by Muir (2001) suggested that 20-30% of survivors of childhood sexual abuse do not disclose until adulthood, and in over half the cases where disclosure occurred during childhood (usually to a parent or parent figure or friend only 4% disclosedto a community figure, such as police, teachers , or social workers), no action was taken. The majority of participants in Muirs (1993) study reported feeling scared, humiliated, guilty, and powerless at the time of the abuse. When asked how they felt today after disclosure, approximately one-third gave forbid reactions, such as guilt or shame. In some cases, the egress of the person to whom they had disclosed was negative or unsupportive.For some participants, negative responses to the question seem largely predicated on a overlook of response by the person disclosed to, or elflike change to the situation. Another study conducted by Muir (2001) found that fear of the consequences frequently affected womens ability to disclose. Anderson and colleagues (1993) reported that only 7% of sexually abused participants reported the abuse to police or social services, and Romans, Martin, and Mullen (1996) suggested that sexual abuse by a family segment is much less likely to be reported to police or social services than if the abu ser is outside the family. In many cases, fears were not unfounded disclosures were often met with disbelief or rejection on the part of the confidant.Similarly, Myer (1985) reported that of 43 mothers who attended a programme for mothers of father-daughter incest victims, only 56% protected their daughters, with 9% victorious no action and the remaining 35% rejecting their daughters in favour of their partners (the perpetrators of abuse). Members of the latter two groups either denied the abuse took place, or blamed their daughters, claiming, for instance, that their daughters were seductive, provocative, or pathological liars. Denial of abuse during childhood is often particularly disempowering and engenders a sense of betrayal and may result in the abuse continuing. Withholding disclosure may be a way to retain control over ones memories and emotions as Muir (2001) discussed, control (or the lack of it) is frequently an important issue for survivors of abuse. Control may also be maintained through selective disclosure, or choosing confidants that maximise confidence about disclosure.It seems executable thatdisclosure may impact mental health and potential suicidality, depending on how the disclosure is dealt with. If abuse is disclosed when it first occurs and is appropriately dealt with, the abuse survivor allow have the opportunity to take whatever steps she feels necessary to re-establish her emotional equilibrium. On the other hand, if she is unable(p) to disclose the abuse, or it is not dealt with appropriately, she may be at greater risk of feelings of guilt, anxiety, low self-esteem, and depression and the abuse may continue. These emotional responses could, in turn, lead to suicidality. Holguin and Hansen (2003) suggested that in addition to the impact of the abuse itself, the consequences of being labelled as sexually abused may have detrimental effects. They argued that the combination of negative expectations and biases may create a self-fulf illing prophecy, but acknowledge that further research into this area is required.Additionally, the mothers response to a disclosure of sexual abuse is central to her daughters recovery (Candib, 1999). Furthermore, perpetrators of sexual abuse are rarely identified and even more rarely punished (Candib, 1999) if a girls mother does not support her, she may well receive no support at all. A link between delayed disclosure of abuse or inadequate response to disclosure and subsequent suicidal behaviour does not appear to have been researched. However, assumption what is known about increased likeliness of suicidal behaviour among survivors of sexual abuse, it seems plausible that the addition of a lack of support to deal with the abuse may exacerbate suicidality. In summary, the literature reviewed suggested that sexual abuse leads to an increased likelihood of depression, anxiety, trauma, and substance abuse, all of which have been associated with suicidal behaviour.While it would b e incorrect to say that the majority of survivors of sexual abuse engage in suicidal behaviour, there is no doubt that the risk is increased, and Romans and colleagues findings (Romans et al., 1995, 1997) suggested that the majority of young women who attempt suicide have been sexually abused. Candibs (1999) and Muirs (2001) findings that those who do not disclose abuse or whose disclosure does not result in appropriate responses are at increased risk of distress suggests that the likelihood of subsequent suicidal behaviour may be raised in these groups however, there appears to be little research on this topic. This research sought to explore the perceptions of women who had engaged in suicidal behaviour. While theliterature discussed above clearly points to a link between childhood sexual abuse and subsequent suicidal behaviour, the author was concerned to avoid assumptions about linkages between the two.The purpose of the research was to determinehow the women concerned (i.e., th e survivors of suicidal behaviour) saw their behaviour, what they considered to be the factors that led to their suicidality, how they made sense of their actions, and how they moved beyond suicidal behaviour. Therefore hardly a(prenominal) restrictions were placed on criteria for inclusion in the study and a research method was chosen that minimises the impact of the preconceived ideas of the researcher. Experience of sexual abuse was not a necessary criterion for inclusion in the study. Rather, this was a study of female suicidal behaviour that revealed a high prevalence of sexual abuse in participants histories. METHODS The population of interest in this research was women who engaged in non-fatal suicidal behaviour while under age 25. As noted by Gould and colleagues (1998), clinical samples demonstrate higher rates of co-morbidity than community samples, leading to an increased risk of sample bias.Due to this potential bias, and because a large number of young female self-inju rers do not come to the attention of a mental health professional, a qualitative approach that included a non-clinical population was used. Eligibility for participation in the research included prior contest in suicidal behaviour, while under age 25, cessation of suicidal behaviour for at least one year, and self-assessed as having recovered from suicidality. The latter two criterion were included both to ensure a degree of safety from distress that might have occured through taking part in the research and to increase the likelihood of participants having had some time to reflect on the cessation of their suicidal behaviour.However, it is acknowledged that the conclusiveness that suicidal behaviour should have ceased at least one year prior to participation is moderately arbitrary. Personal experience of sexual abuse was not a criterion for participation. Participants were recruited throughpresentations made to third-year and graduate psychology classes, through items placed i n magazines and newspapers, via the e-mail lists of relevant information networks, and through garner and information sheets sent to relevant community organisations such as womens groups and community support groups. dominance participants were invited to contact the researcher. An initial recruitment discussion took place during which the purpose of the study was discussed, along with eligibility criteria. Participants were asked if they had questions and then offered a written information sheet.Following this, eligible participants were invited to take some time to consider whether they wished to proceed and to contact the researcher againif they did. Most participants decided immediately that they wished to proceed and made an appointment for an interview. Two possible participants were not heard from subsequent to the recruitment discussion, and one cancelled her appointment. Participants A total of 24 women took part in the research. The participants formed a diverse group e fforts were made to recruit participants from a variety of backgrounds, in an attempt to obtain a sample as representative of the population of interest as possible, condition the sample size. The youngest participant was aged 21 at the time of the interview, while the oldest was 46. The average age was 29.6 years. each(prenominal) participants were born in New Zealand and of European descent, although two also were of Maori ethnicity (the indigenous people of New Zealand) and one was part-Asian. Most (n = 23) of the participants spent their childhood spiritedness with at least one biological parent, with the remaining participant had been adopted. However, only 11 participants reported that their biological parents were cohabiting at the time of the participants first suicide attempt. In eight cases, the parents separated at some point of the participants childhood or adolescence in three cases one parent had died, and in one case both parents had died. Eleven participants were li ving in cities at the time of their first suicide attempt, nine in towns, and fourin arcadian areas. Socio-economic status and education levels were mixed, possibly as a result of the recruitment process thirteen participants had terminate some university courses.Interview and Procedures An open-ended, semi-structured method of interviewing was chosen in recognition that an attempt to fit the participants varied experiences into a one size suits all structure would risk losing the subtleties of their interpretations. This method facilitates access to information the researcher could not have considered (Burns, 1994). In line with the narrative approach, once the preliminaries to the interview had been conducted (discussion about consent, recording of the interview, making the participant comfortable, discussion of the topic, etc.), the participants were encouraged to tell their story, beginning with the background to becoming suicidal. Participants were asked in general terms how or why they became suicidal. They were not prompted by having possible risk factors suggested, such as sexual abuse. During this stage, the researchersrole was solely one of encouraging the process of story-telling.The second stage was one of seeking light and elaboration as required. Interviews lasted an average of two hours and all except three were conducted face to face, with two others being conducted by telephone and the remaining one a combination of telephone and electronic mail. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at the place of choice of the participant (in one case, at the participants workplace in another, at the offices of a participants counsellor and the remainder evenly split between the researchers university office and the participants homes). All face-to-face and telephone interviews were audio-taped. When transcribing was complete (within two weeks), a copy of the transcription was given to each participant to check for accuracy. No participants requested ch anges be made other than adding or correcting some details.Thematic data analysis was performed utilising the QSR Nud*ist qualitative data analysis software package. A suitable code structure was developed through this process,with branches for risk factors, other self-harming behaviours, interventions/therapies, and factors in cessation. Results A range of both proximal and distal factors were discussed by participants as contributing to their suicidal behaviour. Although suicidal behaviour was often triggered by an immediately preceding event, it was clear from the participants narratives that suicidal behaviour occurred against a background of long-term disturbance and dysfunction.All participants round about combinations of factors, and, with the exclusion of two women who considered that their suicidal behaviour was primarily due to biological causes (Kate and Lucy3), all the participants communicate of issues within their family being key contributors. While the divorce of parents does not seem particularly common (eight out of 24 participants), most of the others spoke of a large amount of parental conflict that did not result in divorce. Additionally, there were five parental deaths, two of which were suicides, and a number of other issues as discussed above. closely all participants spoke of some level of physical or emotional abuse within the family that was sufficiently severe to be considered a cause of their suicidal behaviour.