Use of DNA in Criminal Investigations Essay examples -- DNA Forensics

Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and witness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since spent away to the stunning reliability of deoxyribonucleic acid forensics. In 1984, British communicableist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester observe an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most deoxyribonucleic acid information is the same in every human, but the junk regulation between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigatory purposes can be found in blood, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, beat marrow, dental pulp, and hair follicles (Butler, 2011). By analyzing this junk code, Jeffreys found certain sequences of 10 to 100 base pairs repeated multiple times. These tandem repeats are in addition the same for all people, but the number of repetitions is high gearly variable. Before this discovery, a drop of blood at a crime scene could still reveal a persons blood type, plus a few proteins unique to certain people. Now DNA forensics can produce a persons gender, race, susceptibility to diseases, and even propensity for high aggression or drug abuse (Butler, 2011). More importantly, the certainty of DNA evidence is extremely powerful in court. Astounded at this engine rooms almost perfect accuracy, the FBI changed the name of its Serology Unit to the DNA abridgment Unit in 1988 when they began accepting requests for DNA comparisons (Using DNA to Solve Crimes, 2014). at that place are thirteen standard tandem repeats used in modern font forensics, and together these sequences create a DNA profile. Except in the issue of identical twins, the probability that two people have the same genetic code at all thirteen core loci is less than single in one trillion (Jones, 2004). Investigators compare these... ...d Beyond. Forensic Magazine. Web. 29 may 2015.http//www.forensicmag.com/clause/dna-forensics-rflp-pcr-str-and-beyond (Fall 2004).Using DNA to Solve Crimes. U.S. Department of Justice discipline Institute of Justice. (September 9, 2014). Web. 29 May 2015.http//www.justice.gov/ag/advancing-justice-through-dna-technology-using-dna-solve-crimesSachs, Jessica Snyder. DNA AND A upstart KIND OF RACIAL PROFILING. 2004http//www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-06/dna-and-new-kind-racial-profilingH.M. Wallace, A.R. Jacksona, J. Gruberb, A.D. Thibedeaub. Forensic DNA databasesEthical and effective standards, ScienceDirec, 2014.http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090536X14000239Westphal, Sylvia Pagn. DNA profiles link dope to its source. Daily News, 2003https//www.newscientist.com/article/dn3919-dna-profiles-link-dope-to-its-source/